/* ============================================================
   IJBCOE JOURNALS — MAIN STYLESHEET
   Mobile-First Responsive Design
   ============================================================ */

/* ── Google Fonts ────────────────────────────────────────── */
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Playfair+Display:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;0,900;1,400&family=Inter:wght@300;400;500;600;700&display=swap');

/* ── Design Tokens ───────────────────────────────────────── */
:root {
  --primary:        #0A1628;
  --primary-mid:    #0F2040;
  --primary-dark:   #060E1A;
  --accent:         #C8960C;
  --accent-light:   #E8B420;
  --accent-pale:    rgba(200,150,12,0.12);
  --teal:           #0D9488;
  --teal-dark:      #0A7A70;
  --surface:        #F8FAFC;
  --surface-2:      #EFF2F7;
  --dark:           #1E293B;
  --muted:          #64748B;
  --border:         #E2E8F0;
  --white:          #FFFFFF;

  --serif:  'Playfair Display', Georgia, serif;
  --sans:   'Inter', system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;

  --sh-sm:  0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.08);
  --sh-md:  0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.10);
  --sh-lg:  0 12px 28px rgba(0,0,0,.12);
  --sh-xl:  0 24px 48px rgba(0,0,0,.14);

  --r-sm: 6px;
  --r-md: 12px;
  --r-lg: 20px;
  --r-xl: 50px;

  --ease: cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);
  --trans: all .3s var(--ease);

  --max-w: 1200px;
  --nav-h: 72px;
}

/* ── Bootstrap Navbar Override (prevents white bg) ──────── */
.site-navbar,
header.navbar {
  background: var(--primary) !important;
}
.site-navbar .nav-link,
header.navbar .nav-link {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.85) !important;
}
.site-navbar .nav-link:hover,
.site-navbar .nav-link.active,
header.navbar .nav-link:hover,
header.navbar .nav-link.active {
  color: var(--accent) !important;
}

/* ── Reset (minimal — Bootstrap handles the rest) ──────── */
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; font-size: 16px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; }

body {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  color: var(--dark);
  background-color: var(--surface);
  line-height: 1.75;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  padding-top: 0;
}

::selection { background: var(--accent); color: var(--white); }
a { transition: var(--trans); }

/* ── Typography ──────────────────────────────────────────── */
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: .75rem;
}
/* Mobile-first sizes */
h1 { font-size: 2rem; }
h2 { font-size: 1.6rem; }
h3 { font-size: 1.2rem; }
h4 { font-size: 1.05rem; }
h5 { font-size: 1rem; }

@media (min-width: 600px) {
  h1 { font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 5vw, 4rem); }
  h2 { font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 3.5vw, 2.8rem); }
  h3 { font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 2.5vw, 1.9rem); }
}

p { margin-bottom: 1.25rem; }
p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

/* ── Layout ──────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.container { max-width: var(--max-w); }

/* Sections */
.section { padding: 3rem 0; }
@media (min-width: 768px)  { .section { padding: 5rem 0; } }
@media (min-width: 1024px) { .section { padding: 6.5rem 0; } }

/* Background helpers */
.bg-primary  { background-color: var(--primary) !important; }
.bg-dark     { background-color: var(--primary-dark) !important; }
.bg-surface  { background-color: var(--surface) !important; }
.bg-light    { background-color: var(--surface-2) !important; }
.bg-white    { background-color: var(--white) !important; }

/* Text helpers */
.text-gold   { color: var(--accent) !important; }
.text-teal   { color: var(--teal) !important; }

/* Gold text highlight */
.gold-text {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-style: inherit;
}

/* Section eyebrow label */
.section-eyebrow {
  display: inline-block;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: .78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .12em;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: .75rem;
}

/* Section heading */
.section-title {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

/* Section description */
.section-desc {
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.8;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

/* Section header block */
.section-header {
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) { .section-header { margin-bottom: 3.5rem; } }

/* Gold underline divider */
.section-header::after {
  content: '';
  display: block;
  width: 50px;
  height: 3px;
  background: var(--accent);
  border-radius: 3px;
  margin-top: .75rem;
}
.section-header.text-center::after { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }

/* ── Grid helpers ────────────────────────────────────────── */
/* Mobile-first: single column → wider on tablet/desktop */
.grid-2, .grid-3, .grid-4 {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .grid-2 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .grid-4 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .grid-3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
}
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .grid-2 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 3rem; }
  .grid-3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 2rem; }
  .grid-4 { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); gap: 2rem; }
}

/* Grid aliases (used in about, editorial-board) */
.grid-2-col { display: grid; gap: 1.5rem; grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
@media (min-width: 768px) { .grid-2-col { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); } }

.grid-3-col { display: grid; gap: 1.5rem; grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
@media (min-width: 600px) { .grid-3-col { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); } }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .grid-3-col { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); } }

/* ── Custom Buttons (override Bootstrap to match brand) ─── */
.btn-primary,
.btn-secondary,
.btn-outline-primary,
.btn-outline-light,
.btn-nav-cta,
.btn-nav-login {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: .5rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: .9rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: var(--trans);
  white-space: nowrap;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: var(--r-xl);
}

.btn-primary {
  padding: .7rem 1.75rem;
  background-color: var(--accent);
  color: var(--primary);
  border: 2px solid var(--accent);
}
.btn-primary:hover {
  background-color: var(--accent-light);
  border-color: var(--accent-light);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(200,150,12,.35);
  color: var(--primary);
}

.btn-secondary {
  padding: .7rem 1.75rem;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--white);
  border: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,.7);
}
.btn-secondary:hover {
  background: var(--white);
  color: var(--primary);
  border-color: var(--white);
}

.btn-outline-primary {
  padding: .65rem 1.5rem;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--primary);
  border: 2px solid var(--primary);
}
.btn-outline-primary:hover {
  background: var(--primary);
  color: var(--white);
}

.btn-outline-light {
  padding: .7rem 1.75rem;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--white);
  border: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,.5);
}
.btn-outline-light:hover {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.12);
  border-color: var(--white);
}

.btn-block { display: flex; width: 100%; text-align: center; }
.btn-lg { padding: .9rem 2.25rem; font-size: 1rem; }

/* ── Navbar buttons ──────────────────────────────────────── */
.btn-nav-cta {
  display: none;
  padding: .45rem 1.1rem;
  background: var(--accent);
  color: var(--primary);
  font-size: .8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  border: none;
}
.btn-nav-cta:hover { background: var(--accent-light); color: var(--primary); }
@media (min-width: 600px) { .btn-nav-cta { display: inline-flex; } }

.btn-nav-login {
  padding: .4rem 1rem;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.12);
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: .8rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25);
}
.btn-nav-login:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.22); color: var(--white); }

/* ── Badges ──────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .4rem;
  padding: .3em .85em;
  border-radius: var(--r-xl);
  font-size: .75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
}

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  NAVBAR                                              ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
.navbar {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0; left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: var(--nav-h);
  z-index: 1000;
  padding: 0 0;
  background: rgba(10,22,40,.97);
  transition: background .4s var(--ease), box-shadow .4s var(--ease), height .3s var(--ease);
}
.navbar.scrolled {
  backdrop-filter: blur(18px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(18px);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 20px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
  height: 62px;
}

/* Container inside navbar */
.navbar .container,
.navbar-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  height: 100%;
  gap: 1rem;
}

/* Brand */
.navbar-brand {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .75rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  z-index: 1001;
}
.brand-logo {
  position: relative;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.brand-logo img {
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  object-fit: contain;
  border-radius: 6px;
}
/* Fallback icon shows only if img is hidden */
.brand-icon {
  display: none;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  background: var(--accent);
  border-radius: 8px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: var(--primary);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
}
/* When img errors, JS hides it — show icon fallback */
.brand-logo img[style*="display: none"] ~ .brand-icon,
.brand-logo img[style*="display:none"] ~ .brand-icon {
  display: flex;
}
/* When no logo image is set, show fallback icon */
.brand-logo .brand-icon:only-child {
  display: flex;
}

.brand-text {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  line-height: 1;
}
.brand-name {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--white);
  letter-spacing: .02em;
}
.brand-sub {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: .7rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--accent);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .12em;
}

/* Desktop nav links */
.nav-links {
  display: none;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.5rem;
}
@media (min-width: 1024px) { .nav-links { display: flex; } }

.nav-link {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.88);
  font-size: .875rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: .02em;
  padding: .4rem 0;
  position: relative;
}
.nav-link::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0; left: 0;
  width: 0; height: 2px;
  background: var(--accent);
  transition: width .3s var(--ease);
}
.nav-link:hover,
.nav-link.active { color: var(--white); }
.nav-link:hover::after,
.nav-link.active::after { width: 100%; }

/* Nav right actions */
.nav-actions {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .75rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* Navbar search form */
.nav-search-form {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  position: relative;
}
.nav-search-input {
  width: 0;
  padding: .35rem 0;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 20px;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: .82rem;
  outline: none;
  transition: all .3s ease;
  opacity: 0;
}
.nav-search-input:focus,
.nav-search-input:focus-visible {
  width: 180px;
  padding: .35rem .85rem;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.12);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3);
  opacity: 1;
}
.nav-search-btn {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.1);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.2);
  color: var(--white);
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: var(--trans);
  flex-shrink: 0;
  font-size: .85rem;
}
.nav-search-btn:hover {
  background: var(--accent);
  border-color: var(--accent);
  color: var(--primary);
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .nav-search-form { display: none; }
}

/* Dark mode toggle */
.dark-toggle {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.1);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.2);
  color: var(--white);
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: var(--trans);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.dark-toggle:hover {
  background: var(--accent);
  border-color: var(--accent);
  color: var(--primary);
}

/* CTA button in nav */
.btn-nav-cta {
  display: none;
  padding: .5rem 1.1rem;
  background: var(--accent);
  color: var(--primary);
  border-radius: var(--r-xl);
  font-size: .83rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  gap: .4rem;
  border: 2px solid var(--accent);
}
.btn-nav-cta:hover {
  background: var(--accent-light);
  border-color: var(--accent-light);
  color: var(--primary);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
@media (min-width: 900px) { .btn-nav-cta { display: inline-flex; } }

/* Login link in nav */
.btn-nav-login {
  display: none;
  padding: .5rem 1.1rem;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--white);
  border-radius: var(--r-xl);
  font-size: .83rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  gap: .4rem;
  border: 1.5px solid rgba(255,255,255,.4);
}
.btn-nav-login:hover {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.12);
  border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.7);
}
@media (min-width: 900px) { .btn-nav-login { display: inline-flex; } }

/* Hamburger */
.hamburger {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
  width: 28px;
  height: 20px;
  background: transparent;
  cursor: pointer;
  z-index: 1001;
  padding: 0;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.hamburger .bar {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: var(--trans);
}
.hamburger.active .bar:nth-child(1) { transform: translateY(9px) rotate(45deg); }
.hamburger.active .bar:nth-child(2) { opacity: 0; transform: scaleX(0); }
.hamburger.active .bar:nth-child(3) { transform: translateY(-9px) rotate(-45deg); }
@media (min-width: 1024px) { .hamburger { display: none; } }

/* Mobile menu overlay */
.mobile-menu {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0; left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100vh;
  background: var(--primary);
  z-index: 999;
  padding: calc(var(--nav-h) + 1.5rem) 1.5rem 2rem;
  transform: translateX(100%);
  transition: transform .35s var(--ease);
  overflow-y: auto;
}
.mobile-menu.open { transform: translateX(0); }

.mobile-nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: .25rem;
}
.mobile-link {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .85rem;
  padding: .9rem 1rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.8);
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  border-radius: var(--r-sm);
  transition: var(--trans);
}
.mobile-link:hover,
.mobile-link.active {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.08);
  color: var(--white);
}
.mobile-link i {
  width: 20px;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: .9rem;
}
.mobile-link.mobile-cta {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: var(--primary);
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-top: .5rem;
}
.mobile-link.mobile-cta i { color: var(--primary); }
.mobile-link.mobile-cta:hover { background: var(--accent-light); }

.mobile-divider {
  height: 1px;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.12);
  margin: .75rem 0;
}

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  HERO — Centered, Standout Design                     ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
.hero {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 100vh;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  overflow: hidden;
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(10,22,40,.92) 0%, rgba(15,32,64,.88) 50%, rgba(6,14,26,.94) 100%),
    url('https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1524995997946-a1c2e315a42f?w=1920&q=80') center/cover no-repeat;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 7rem;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .hero { padding-top: var(--nav-h); }
}

/* Decorative accent circles behind hero */
.hero::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute; z-index: 0;
  width: 600px; height: 600px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(200,150,12,.06) 0%, transparent 70%);
  top: -200px; right: -150px;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.hero::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute; z-index: 0;
  width: 400px; height: 400px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(13,148,136,.05) 0%, transparent 70%);
  bottom: -100px; left: -100px;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.hero-canvas {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  z-index: 1;
  opacity: .35;
}

.hero-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  text-align: center;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 2rem 1.25rem;
  animation: heroFadeIn .8s ease-out;
}
@keyframes heroFadeIn {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(20px); }
  to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}

.hero-eyebrow {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .5rem;
  background: rgba(200,150,12,.1);
  border: 1px solid rgba(200,150,12,.25);
  color: var(--accent);
  padding: .35rem 1.1rem;
  border-radius: var(--r-xl);
  font-size: .75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .12em;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

/* Typing animation */
.hero-typing-wrap {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  min-height: 2.2rem;
}
.hero-typing {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .15em;
  color: var(--accent);
  text-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(200,150,12,.4);
  white-space: nowrap;
}
@media (min-width: 600px) { .hero-typing { font-size: 1.15rem; letter-spacing: .18em; } }
.hero-typing-cursor {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 300;
  animation: blinkCursor .7s step-end infinite;
  margin-left: 2px;
}
@media (min-width: 600px) { .hero-typing-cursor { font-size: 1.25rem; } }
@keyframes blinkCursor {
  0%, 100% { opacity: 1; }
  50%      { opacity: 0; }
}

.hero-title {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: 2.4rem;
  line-height: 1.15;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  text-shadow: 0 2px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.4);
}
@media (min-width: 480px)  { .hero-title { font-size: 3rem; } }
@media (min-width: 768px)  { .hero-title { font-size: 3.8rem; } }
@media (min-width: 1024px) { .hero-title { font-size: 4.5rem; } }

.hero-title .gold-text {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent-light) 0%, #F0C830 50%, var(--accent) 100%);
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  background-clip: text;
  display: inline;
  background-size: 200% auto;
  animation: goldShimmer 3s ease-in-out infinite;
}
@keyframes goldShimmer {
  0%, 100% { background-position: 0% center; }
  50%      { background-position: 100% center; }
}

.hero-subtitle {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.78);
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
  max-width: 600px;
  margin: 0 auto 2rem;
}
@media (min-width: 600px) { .hero-subtitle { font-size: 1.12rem; } }

/* CTA buttons */
.hero-cta-group {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .85rem;
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}
@media (min-width: 480px) {
  .hero-cta-group { flex-direction: row; justify-content: center; gap: 1rem; }
}
.hero-cta-group .btn-primary { padding: .9rem 2.2rem; font-size: .95rem; }
.hero-cta-group .btn-secondary { padding: .9rem 2.2rem; font-size: .95rem; }

/* Trust badge row */
.hero-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: .6rem 1.5rem;
}
.hero-meta-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .4rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.7);
  font-size: .82rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.hero-meta-item i { color: var(--accent); font-size: .85rem; }

/* Wave at bottom of hero */
.hero-wave {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -1px;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  z-index: 3;
  line-height: 0;
}
.hero-wave svg {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 80px;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) { .hero-wave svg { height: 100px; } }

/* Scroll-down indicator */
.hero-scroll-indicator {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 2rem; left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  z-index: 4;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .3rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.35);
  font-size: .65rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  animation: bounceDown 2s ease-in-out infinite;
  cursor: default;
}
@keyframes bounceDown {
  0%, 100% { transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(0); }
  50%      { transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(8px); }
}

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  STATS SECTION                                       ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
.stats-section {
  background: var(--primary);
  padding: 3.5rem 0;
  border-bottom: 3px solid var(--accent);
}
/* Override .section padding on stats */
.stats-section.section { padding: 3.5rem 0; }

/* Grid inside stats uses .grid-4 (defined above) */
.stats-section .grid-4 {
  text-align: center;
}

.stat-card {
  padding: 1rem .5rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .6rem;
}

.stat-icon {
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  opacity: .8;
}

.stat-number {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 2.4rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  color: var(--accent);
  line-height: 1;
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: .1rem;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) { .stat-number { font-size: 3rem; } }

.stat-label {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.8);
  font-size: .82rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .06em;
}

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  ABOUT SNAPSHOT SECTION                              ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
.about-section {}
.about-content { padding-right: 0; }
@media (min-width: 1024px) { .about-content { padding-right: 2rem; } }

/* Feature list */
.feature-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: .75rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
}
.feature-list li {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .75rem;
  color: var(--dark);
  font-size: .92rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.feature-list li i {
  color: var(--teal);
  font-size: 1rem;
  width: 20px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* Decorative journal cover card */
.about-visual {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}
.journal-card {
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, var(--primary), var(--primary-mid));
  border-radius: var(--r-lg);
  padding: 2.5rem 2rem;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 320px;
  box-shadow: var(--sh-xl);
  border: 1px solid rgba(200,150,12,.2);
  text-align: center;
}
.journal-cover h3 {
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  margin-bottom: .5rem;
  font-family: var(--serif);
}
.journal-cover p {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: .9rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: .25rem;
}
.decorative-lines {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: .5rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  padding: 0 1rem;
}
.decorative-lines span {
  display: block;
  height: 3px;
  background: rgba(200,150,12,.3);
  border-radius: 3px;
}
.decorative-lines span:nth-child(1) { width: 100%; }
.decorative-lines span:nth-child(2) { width: 75%; margin: 0 auto; }
.decorative-lines span:nth-child(3) { width: 50%; margin: 0 auto; }

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  ARTICLE CARDS                                       ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
.latest-articles {}

.article-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: var(--r-md);
  box-shadow: var(--sh-sm);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-left: 3px solid transparent;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: var(--trans);
}
.article-thumb {
  width: 100%;
  height: 160px;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.article-thumb img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform .4s ease;
}
.article-card:hover .article-thumb img { transform: scale(1.05); }
.article-thumb-placeholder {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--surface-2), var(--surface));
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 1.75rem;
}
.article-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: var(--sh-lg);
  border-left-color: var(--accent);
}

/* Card inner padding */
.article-card > *:not(.article-meta):not(.btn-outline-primary) {
  padding-left: 1.25rem;
  padding-right: 1.25rem;
}

.category-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  background: var(--teal);
  color: var(--white);
  padding: .28em .85em;
  border-radius: var(--r-xl);
  font-size: .7rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .05em;
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
  margin-left: 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: .5rem;
  align-self: flex-start;
}

.article-title {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--primary);
  line-height: 1.4;
  margin-bottom: .5rem;
  padding: 0 1.25rem;
  /* Clamp at 2 lines */
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.article-authors {
  font-size: .82rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-style: italic;
  padding: 0 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: .6rem;
}

.article-abstract {
  font-size: .855rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.65;
  padding: 0 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: .75rem;
  flex-grow: 1;
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.article-meta {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: .75rem 1.25rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--surface);
  margin-top: auto;
  gap: .5rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.article-meta .date {
  font-size: .78rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 600;
}
.doi-link {
  font-size: .72rem;
  color: var(--teal);
  font-weight: 500;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  white-space: nowrap;
  max-width: 160px;
}
.doi-link:hover { color: var(--primary); }

.btn-outline-primary.btn-block {
  margin: 0 1.25rem 1.25rem;
  width: calc(100% - 2.5rem);
  padding: .6rem 1rem;
  font-size: .83rem;
  border-radius: var(--r-md);
  justify-content: center;
}

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  CALL FOR PAPERS                                     ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
.cfp-section {
  position: relative;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary) 0%, #112244 50%, var(--primary) 100%);
  padding: 5rem 0;
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--white);
  overflow: hidden;
}
/* Stripe overlay */
.cfp-section::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: repeating-linear-gradient(
    45deg,
    transparent, transparent 30px,
    rgba(200,150,12,.04) 30px, rgba(200,150,12,.04) 60px
  );
}
.cfp-section .container { position: relative; z-index: 1; }

.cfp-label {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .5rem;
  background: rgba(200,150,12,.15);
  border: 1px solid rgba(200,150,12,.4);
  color: var(--accent);
  padding: .35rem 1rem;
  border-radius: var(--r-xl);
  font-size: .78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.cfp-title {
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) { .cfp-title { font-size: 2.4rem; } }

.cfp-desc {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.78);
  max-width: 620px;
  margin: 0 auto 1.5rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.cfp-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .75rem;
  justify-content: center;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.deadline-badge {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: var(--primary);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: .82rem;
  padding: .45rem 1.1rem;
}

.volume-badge {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.12);
  color: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25);
  font-size: .82rem;
  padding: .45rem 1.1rem;
}

.cfp-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .85rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
@media (min-width: 480px) {
  .cfp-actions { flex-direction: row; justify-content: center; gap: 1rem; }
}

.oa-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .5rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.6);
  font-size: .82rem;
}
.oa-badge i { color: var(--accent); }

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  SUBJECT AREAS                                       ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
.scope-section {}

/* Override grid-4 for subjects: 2 cols on mobile, 4 on desktop */
.scope-section .grid-4 {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 1rem;
}
@media (min-width: 768px)  { .scope-section .grid-4 { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 1.25rem; } }
@media (min-width: 1024px) { .scope-section .grid-4 { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); gap: 1.5rem; } }

.subject-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--r-md);
  overflow: hidden;
  text-align: center;
  transition: var(--trans);
  cursor: pointer;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(10, 22, 40, .05);
}
a.subject-card,
a.subject-card:hover,
a.subject-card:visited { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; }
.subject-card:hover {
  background: var(--teal);
  border-color: var(--teal);
  transform: translateY(-6px);
  box-shadow: var(--sh-md);
}

/* Cover image (full-bleed at top) */
.subject-cover {
  width: 100%;
  height: 170px;
  margin: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--surface-2);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.subject-cover img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
  transition: transform .5s var(--ease);
}
.subject-card:hover .subject-cover img { transform: scale(1.06); }
.subject-cover-icon {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--surface-2), var(--surface));
  color: var(--teal);
  font-size: 2.75rem;
  transition: var(--trans);
}
.subject-card:hover .subject-cover-icon { color: var(--white); background: rgba(255,255,255,.12); }

/* Card content */
.subject-card h3 {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin: 1.1rem 1.25rem .4rem;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.35;
  transition: var(--trans);
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.subject-card:hover h3 { color: var(--white); }
.subject-card p {
  font-size: .8rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.55;
  margin: 0 1.25rem;
  transition: var(--trans);
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.subject-card:hover p { color: rgba(255,255,255,.8); }

/* "View Journal" link (pinned to bottom) */
.subject-link {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: .4rem;
  font-size: .78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--teal);
  letter-spacing: .02em;
  transition: var(--trans);
  margin: auto 1.25rem 0;
  padding: .85rem 0 1.1rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.subject-card:hover .subject-link { color: var(--white); border-top-color: rgba(255,255,255,.25); }
.subject-link i { font-size: .7rem; transition: transform .2s; }
.subject-card:hover .subject-link i { transform: translateX(3px); }

/* Taller, proportional cover on desktop */
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .subject-cover { height: auto; aspect-ratio: 16 / 10; }
}

/* Journals grid — responsive 3-up layout (stacked on mobile) */
.journals-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .journals-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 1.75rem; }
}

/* Journal detail page */
.journal-cover-img {
  max-height: 420px;
  object-fit: cover;
}
.journal-cover-placeholder {
  min-height: 300px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--primary-mid));
  color: var(--accent);
}

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  PROCESS STEPS                                       ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
.process-section {
  background: var(--primary);
  color: var(--white);
}
.process-section .section-title { color: var(--white); }

.process-steps {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 2rem;
  position: relative;
}
@media (min-width: 600px)  { .process-steps { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); } }
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .process-steps {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);
    gap: 1rem;
  }
  /* Connector line on large screens */
  .process-steps::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 38px;
    left: 10%;
    right: 10%;
    height: 2px;
    background: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent) 0, var(--accent) 10px, transparent 10px, transparent 20px);
    z-index: 1;
  }
}

.step-card {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  text-align: center;
  padding: .5rem;
}

.step-circle {
  width: 72px;
  height: 72px;
  margin: 0 auto 1rem;
  background: var(--primary);
  border: 3px solid var(--accent);
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--accent);
  transition: var(--trans);
}
.step-card:hover .step-circle {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: var(--primary);
}

.step-icon {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.6);
  margin-bottom: .75rem;
}

.step-card h3 {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: .92rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--white);
  margin-bottom: .4rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
}

.step-card p {
  font-size: .8rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.65);
  line-height: 1.55;
  margin: 0;
}

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  EDITORIAL BOARD CARDS                               ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
.editors-section {}

.board-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: var(--r-md);
  padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
  box-shadow: var(--sh-sm);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  text-align: center;
  transition: var(--trans);
}
.board-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-6px);
  box-shadow: var(--sh-lg);
  border-color: var(--accent);
}

.avatar-circle {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: var(--white);
  margin: 0 auto 1.25rem;
  border: 3px solid var(--white);
  box-shadow: var(--sh-md);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.avatar-bg-1 { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1a3a6b, #0D9488); }
.avatar-bg-2 { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #C8960C, #0A1628); }
.avatar-bg-3 { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0D9488, #0A1628); }

.editor-name {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: .3rem;
}
.editor-role {
  color: var(--teal);
  font-size: .8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: .3rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
}
.editor-inst {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: .8rem;
  margin: 0;
}

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  INDEXING SECTION                                    ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
.indexing-section {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.indexing-grid {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
}
.partner-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .5rem;
  padding: .55rem 1.2rem;
  background: var(--surface-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--r-xl);
  color: var(--dark);
  font-size: .82rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  transition: var(--trans);
}
.partner-badge i { color: var(--teal); }
.partner-badge:hover {
  background: var(--primary);
  color: var(--white);
  border-color: var(--primary);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.partner-badge:hover i { color: var(--accent); }

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  TESTIMONIALS                                        ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
.testimonials-section {}

.testimonial-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: var(--r-md);
  padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
  box-shadow: var(--sh-sm);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  position: relative;
  transition: var(--trans);
}
.testimonial-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: var(--sh-md);
}

.quote-icon {
  font-size: 2rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  opacity: .3;
  margin-bottom: .75rem;
  display: block;
}

.testimonial-text {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--dark);
  font-size: .92rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.testimonial-author {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: .15rem;
  margin-bottom: .75rem;
}
.testimonial-author strong { color: var(--primary); font-size: .88rem; }
.testimonial-author span  { color: var(--muted); font-size: .78rem; }

.star-rating {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: .85rem;
  display: flex;
  gap: .1rem;
}

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  NEWSLETTER                                          ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
.newsletter-section {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--teal-dark), var(--teal));
  color: var(--white);
}

.newsletter-title {
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: 1.7rem;
  margin-bottom: .75rem;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) { .newsletter-title { font-size: 2rem; } }

.newsletter-desc {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.82);
  max-width: 500px;
  margin: 0 auto 1.5rem;
}

.newsletter-form {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: .75rem;
  max-width: 520px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}
@media (min-width: 520px) {
  .newsletter-form {
    flex-direction: row;
    background: var(--white);
    border-radius: var(--r-xl);
    padding: .35rem;
    box-shadow: var(--sh-lg);
    gap: 0;
  }
  .newsletter-form input {
    background: transparent !important;
    border-radius: 0 !important;
    padding: .6rem 1.25rem !important;
    border: none !important;
    color: var(--dark) !important;
  }
}

.newsletter-form input {
  flex: 1;
  background: var(--white);
  border: none;
  border-radius: var(--r-xl);
  padding: .85rem 1.25rem;
  font-size: .92rem;
  color: var(--dark);
  outline: none;
}
.newsletter-form input::placeholder { color: var(--muted); }

.newsletter-form button {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  background: var(--accent);
  color: var(--primary);
  border: none;
  border-radius: var(--r-xl);
  padding: .75rem 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: .88rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: var(--trans);
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.newsletter-form button:hover { background: var(--accent-light); }

.privacy-notice {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.55);
  font-size: .76rem;
  margin-top: .85rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: .4rem;
}
.privacy-notice i { color: rgba(255,255,255,.5); }

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  FOOTER                                              ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
.site-footer {
  background: var(--primary-dark);
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.65);
  position: relative;
}

/* Wave top of footer */
.footer-wave {
  line-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.footer-wave svg { display: block; width: 100%; }

.footer-body { padding: 3.5rem 0 2.5rem; }

.footer-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 2.5rem;
}
@media (min-width: 600px)  { .footer-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); } }
@media (min-width: 1024px) { .footer-grid { grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr 1.5fr; gap: 3rem; } }

/* Brand col */
.footer-logo {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .85rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
}
.footer-logo-icon {
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  background: var(--accent);
  border-radius: 10px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: var(--primary);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.footer-logo img {
  object-fit: contain;
  border-radius: 6px;
}
.footer-logo-name {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--white);
}
.footer-logo-sub {
  font-size: .72rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.5);
  line-height: 1.3;
}
.footer-about-text {
  font-size: .84rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.footer-issn {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: .3rem;
  font-size: .78rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}
.footer-issn strong { color: var(--accent); }

.footer-social {
  display: flex;
  gap: .6rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.social-link {
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.08);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.7);
  font-size: .85rem;
  transition: var(--trans);
}
.social-link:hover {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: var(--primary);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.footer-heading {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: .82rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  color: var(--white);
  margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
}

.footer-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: .55rem;
}
.footer-links a {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .5rem;
  font-size: .84rem;
  transition: var(--trans);
}
.footer-links a i { color: var(--accent); font-size: .7rem; }
.footer-links a:hover { color: var(--accent); padding-left: 4px; }

.footer-tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .4rem;
}
.footer-tag {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.07);
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.6);
  padding: .2rem .7rem;
  border-radius: var(--r-xl);
  font-size: .72rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1);
}

.footer-contact-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: .75rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.footer-contact-list li {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: .75rem;
  font-size: .83rem;
}
.footer-contact-list li i {
  color: var(--accent);
  width: 16px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  margin-top: .2rem;
}
.footer-contact-list a:hover { color: var(--accent); }

/* Mini newsletter in footer */
.footer-newsletter h5 {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: .85rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--white);
  margin-bottom: .3rem;
}
.footer-newsletter p { font-size: .78rem; margin-bottom: .75rem; }
.footer-newsletter-form {
  display: flex;
  gap: .4rem;
}
.footer-email-input {
  flex: 1;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15);
  border-radius: var(--r-xl);
  padding: .55rem .9rem;
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: .8rem;
}
.footer-email-input::placeholder { color: rgba(255,255,255,.35); }
.footer-subscribe-btn {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: var(--primary);
  border: none;
  border-radius: var(--r-xl);
  width: 38px;
  height: 38px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: .9rem;
  transition: var(--trans);
}
.footer-subscribe-btn:hover { background: var(--accent-light); }

/* Indexing row inside footer */
.footer-partners {
  padding: 1.75rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.07);
  text-align: center;
}
.footer-partners-label {
  font-size: .73rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .12em;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.35);
  margin-bottom: .85rem;
}
.partners-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .5rem .85rem;
}
.partner-name {
  font-size: .8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.5);
  transition: var(--trans);
}
.partner-name:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.partner-sep { color: rgba(255,255,255,.15); }

/* Footer bottom bar */
.footer-bottom { padding: 1.25rem 0; border-top: 1px solid rgba(200,150,12,.15); }
.footer-bottom-inner {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .75rem;
  text-align: center;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .footer-bottom-inner {
    flex-direction: row;
    justify-content: space-between;
    text-align: left;
  }
}
.copyright { font-size: .8rem; }
.footer-bottom-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .5rem 1rem;
  font-size: .8rem;
  justify-content: center;
}
.footer-bottom-links a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.footer-bottom-links span { color: rgba(255,255,255,.2); }

.footer-design-credit {
  font-size: .73rem;
  text-align: center;
  margin-top: .75rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.3);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: .75rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.open-access-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .3rem;
  background: rgba(13,148,136,.15);
  color: var(--teal);
  border: 1px solid rgba(13,148,136,.3);
  padding: .15rem .65rem;
  border-radius: var(--r-xl);
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  INNER PAGE HERO (white text, gold accents)          ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
.page-hero {
  min-height: 220px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--primary-mid));
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  padding: calc(var(--nav-h) + 1.5rem) 0 2rem;
  color: #FFFFFF !important;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) { .page-hero { min-height: 260px; } }

.page-hero h1,
.page-hero .h1, .page-hero .h2, .page-hero .h3, .page-hero .h4,
.page-hero .display-4 {
  color: #FFFFFF !important;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  margin-bottom: .25rem;
}
.page-hero p,
.page-hero small,
.page-hero .text-muted {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.65) !important;
}
.page-hero a {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.75) !important;
}
.page-hero a:hover {
  color: var(--accent) !important;
}

/* Override any Bootstrap text utilities inside page hero */
.page-hero .text-white-50 { color: rgba(255,255,255,.65) !important; }
.page-hero .text-muted    { color: rgba(255,255,255,.6) !important; }
.page-hero .text-dark      { color: #FFFFFF !important; }
.page-hero strong          { color: #FFFFFF !important; }
.page-hero code            { color: var(--accent) !important; background: rgba(255,255,255,.1) !important; }

/* Breadcrumb inside page hero */
.page-hero .breadcrumb {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.55);
  font-size: .82rem;
}
.page-hero .breadcrumb a {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.6) !important;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.page-hero .breadcrumb a:hover {
  color: var(--accent) !important;
}
.page-hero .breadcrumb .active {
  color: var(--accent) !important;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.page-hero .breadcrumb-item + .breadcrumb-item::before {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.35) !important;
}

/* Gold accent on hero badges */
.page-hero .badge {
  background: var(--accent) !important;
  color: var(--primary) !important;
}

/* Page hero content wrapper */
.page-hero-content {
  padding: 0 1.25rem;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--max-w);
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.page-hero-title {
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  margin-bottom: .5rem;
}
@media (min-width: 600px) { .page-hero-title { font-size: 2.4rem; } }

.breadcrumb ol {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .25rem;
  list-style: none;
}

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  FORMS                                               ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
.form-group { margin-bottom: 1.25rem; }
.form-label {
  display: block;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: .88rem;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: .45rem;
}
.form-control, .form-select {
  width: 100%;
  padding: .75rem 1rem;
  border: 2px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--r-sm);
  background: var(--white);
  color: var(--dark);
  font-size: .9rem;
  transition: border-color .25s, box-shadow .25s;
}
.form-control:focus, .form-select:focus {
  border-color: var(--accent);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(200,150,12,.12);
}
.form-control::placeholder { color: #94A3B8; }
.form-control.is-invalid { border-color: #EF4444; }

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  BACK TO TOP                                         ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
.back-to-top {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 1.5rem;
  right: 1.5rem;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent);
  color: var(--primary);
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1rem;
  box-shadow: var(--sh-md);
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(20px);
  transition: opacity .3s, transform .3s;
  z-index: 999;
}
.back-to-top.visible { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
.back-to-top:hover { background: var(--accent-light); transform: translateY(-2px); }

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  TOAST NOTIFICATIONS                                 ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
.toast-container {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 1.5rem;
  left: 1.5rem;
  z-index: 9999;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: .5rem;
}
.toast {
  background: var(--white);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--primary);
  border-radius: var(--r-sm);
  padding: .85rem 1.25rem;
  font-size: .88rem;
  box-shadow: var(--sh-lg);
  min-width: 260px;
  max-width: 340px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 1rem;
  animation: slideInToast .3s var(--ease);
}
@keyframes slideInToast {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateX(-20px); }
  to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateX(0); }
}
.toast.success { border-left-color: #10B981; }
.toast.error   { border-left-color: #EF4444; }
.toast.info    { border-left-color: var(--teal); }
.toast.warning { border-left-color: var(--accent); }
.toast-close   { cursor: pointer; font-size: 1rem; color: var(--muted); background: none; padding: 0; }

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  SCROLL REVEAL ANIMATIONS                            ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
.reveal        { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(28px); transition: opacity .7s var(--ease), transform .7s var(--ease); }
.reveal.visible { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
.reveal-left   { opacity: 0; transform: translateX(-28px); transition: opacity .7s var(--ease), transform .7s var(--ease); }
.reveal-left.visible  { opacity: 1; transform: translateX(0); }
.reveal-right  { opacity: 0; transform: translateX(28px); transition: opacity .7s var(--ease), transform .7s var(--ease); }
.reveal-right.visible { opacity: 1; transform: translateX(0); }

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  CUSTOM SCROLLBAR                                    ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 7px; }
::-webkit-scrollbar-track { background: var(--surface); }
::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: var(--accent); border-radius: 4px; }
::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: var(--accent-light); }

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  DARK MODE                                           ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
body.dark-mode {
  --surface:   #0f172a;
  --surface-2: #1e293b;
  --dark:      #e2e8f0;
  --border:    #334155;
  --white:     #1e293b;
  background: var(--surface);
  color: var(--dark);
}
body.dark-mode .article-card,
body.dark-mode .board-card,
body.dark-mode .testimonial-card,
body.dark-mode .subject-card { background: var(--surface-2); border-color: var(--border); }
body.dark-mode .category-badge { background: var(--teal-dark); }

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  ACCESSIBILITY                                       ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 3px;
  border-radius: 3px;
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after { animation-duration: .01ms !important; transition-duration: .01ms !important; }
  .reveal, .reveal-left, .reveal-right { opacity: 1 !important; transform: none !important; }
}

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  DATA TABLES, PAGINATION, ALERTS, SKELETON           ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
.data-table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background: var(--white); border-radius: var(--r-md); overflow: hidden; box-shadow: var(--sh-sm); }
.data-table th, .data-table td { padding: .9rem 1.25rem; text-align: left; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }
.data-table th { background: var(--primary); color: var(--accent); font-weight: 700; font-size: .85rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .04em; }
.data-table tbody tr:hover { background: var(--surface); }
.data-table tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }

.pagination { display: flex; justify-content: center; gap: .4rem; margin-top: 2.5rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.page-item { width: 38px; height: 38px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border); color: var(--dark); font-weight: 600; font-size: .85rem; cursor: pointer; transition: var(--trans); }
.page-item:hover { background: var(--surface-2); }
.page-item.active { background: var(--accent); color: var(--primary); border-color: var(--accent); }

.alert { padding: .9rem 1.25rem; border-radius: var(--r-sm); margin-bottom: 1.25rem; font-size: .9rem; display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: .65rem; }
.alert-info    { background: #E0F2FE; color: #0369A1; border: 1px solid #BAE6FD; }
.alert-success { background: #DCFCE7; color: #15803D; border: 1px solid #BBF7D0; }
.alert-warning { background: #FEF9C3; color: #A16207; border: 1px solid #FEF08A; }
.alert-error   { background: #FEE2E2; color: #991B1B; border: 1px solid #FECACA; }

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  SKELETON LOADER                                     ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */
.skeleton {
  background: linear-gradient(110deg, #ececec 8%, #f5f5f5 18%, #ececec 33%);
  background-size: 200% 100%;
  animation: shimmer 1.5s linear infinite;
  border-radius: var(--r-sm);
}
@keyframes shimmer { to { background-position: -200% 0; } }

/* ╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
   ║  MOBILE-FIRST RESPONSIVE OVERRIDES                   ║
   ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ */

/* ── Responsive tables: horizontal scroll on mobile ── */
.table-responsive { overflow-x: auto; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; }
.table-responsive table { min-width: 600px; }

/* ── Journal detail & article pages: stack sidebar ── */
@media (max-width: 991px) {
  .article-detail-section .col-lg-8,
  .article-detail-section .col-lg-4 { width: 100%; margin-bottom: 2rem; }
  .article-detail-section .col-lg-8 { padding-right: 0 !important; }
}

/* ── Search page: stack filter sidebar ── */
@media (max-width: 991px) {
  .filter-sidebar { margin-bottom: 2rem; }
}

/* ── Journals page: stack sidebar ── */
@media (max-width: 991px) {
  .journals-sidebar { margin-bottom: 2rem; }
}

/* ── Cards full-width on mobile ── */
@media (max-width: 575px) {
  .row-cols-md-2 > .col { width: 100%; }
}

/* ── Hero padding on mobile ── */
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .hero { padding-bottom: 5rem; }
  .hero-content { padding: 1.25rem 1rem; }
  .hero-meta { gap: .4rem 1rem; }
  .hero-meta-item { font-size: .75rem; }
}

/* ── Page content padding ── */
@media (max-width: 575px) {
  .section-padding { padding: 2.5rem 0 !important; }
  .container { padding-left: 1rem; padding-right: 1rem; }
}

/* ── Admin panel mobile improvements ── */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .admin-layout { flex-direction: column; }
  .admin-sidebar {
    width: 100% !important;
    position: static !important;
    height: auto !important;
    padding: .75rem !important;
    overflow-y: visible !important;
  }
  .admin-nav {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: .25rem;
  }
  .admin-nav a {
    border-left: none !important;
    border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
    padding: .4rem .7rem !important;
    font-size: .78rem !important;
  }
  .admin-nav a.active {
    border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
  }
  .admin-main { padding: 1rem !important; }
  .admin-stats { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: .5rem; }
  .stat-box { padding: .85rem .5rem; }
  .stat-box .sv { font-size: 1.2rem; }
}

/* ── Admin tables scroll on mobile ── */
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .admin-card .table-responsive { margin: 0 -1rem; }
  .admin-card .adm-tbl { font-size: .72rem; }
  .admin-card .adm-tbl th,
  .admin-card .adm-tbl td { padding: .4rem .5rem; }
}

/* ── Forms stack vertically on mobile ── */
@media (max-width: 575px) {
  .form-row { flex-direction: column; }
  .step-panel .row > [class*="col-"] { margin-bottom: .75rem; }
}

/* ── Footer compact on mobile ── */
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .footer-body { padding: 2.5rem 0 1.5rem; }
  .footer-logo { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: .5rem; }
  .footer-social { justify-content: flex-start; }
}

/* ── CFP section padding on mobile ── */
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .cfp-section { padding: 3rem 0; }
  .cfp-meta { flex-direction: column; align-items: center; }
}

/* ── Process steps: single column on mobile ── */
@media (max-width: 599px) {
  .process-steps { gap: 1.5rem; }
  .step-circle { width: 56px; height: 56px; font-size: 1.2rem; }
}

/* ── Announcements widget: stack on mobile ── */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .announcements-section .col-md-4 { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
}

/* ── Badge wrapping on mobile ── */
@media (max-width: 400px) {
  .badge { font-size: .68rem; padding: .25em .65em; }
}

/* ── Toast position on mobile ── */
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .toast-container { left: .5rem; right: .5rem; bottom: .5rem; }
  .toast { min-width: auto; max-width: 100%; }
}

/* ── Print styles ── */
@media print {
  .site-navbar, .mobile-menu, .back-to-top, .footer-wave,
  .hero-wave, .hero-canvas, .hero-scroll-indicator,
  .newsletter-section, .partner-section, .testimonials-section,
  .sidebar-widget, .share-buttons, .btn, .hamburger,
  .nav-actions, .dark-toggle { display: none !important; }
  body { padding-top: 0 !important; font-size: 12pt; color: #000; background: #fff; }
  .container { max-width: 100%; }
  a { color: #000; text-decoration: underline; }
}

.skeleton {
  background: linear-gradient(110deg, #ececec 8%, #f5f5f5 18%, #ececec 33%);
  border-radius: var(--r-sm);
  background-size: 200% 100%;
  animation: shimmer 1.5s linear infinite;
}
@keyframes shimmer { to { background-position-x: -200%; } }